Glossary

The words of the produce trade, defined.

Name: Balaji Fruit Company – Kota
Address: C-193, Seth Bhamashah Krishi Upaj Mandi, Anantpura, Kota, Rajasthan, 324007, IN
Telephone: +919928663245
Price range: $

Grades, sizes, packing and export terms, the way buyers and mandis use them.

Oranges

Orange count: The number of fruits that fill a standard carton. A lower count means larger fruit: count 80 is far larger than count 225.

Garlic

Bom garlic: The trade name for the largest garlic bulbs in a lot, also spelt Boom (बॉम लहसुन). We grade Bom at 42 mm and above across the bulb; other traders draw the line between 40 and 47 mm, so always agree the millimetre range.
Desi Bom: Bom-size bulbs of Indian (desi) garlic, as opposed to imported Chinese garlic. Desi garlic has smaller, more pungent cloves.
Extra Bom: A trade name for the largest garlic bulbs. Neemuch traders list Extra Bom at 40–47 mm, overlapping Bom (41 mm and above in Mandsaur listings), so the two names are often used for the same size. Agree the millimetre range with the seller; ours is Bom at 42 mm and above.
AA, AAA, AAAA garlic: Garlic size grades by bulb diameter. More A's means a bigger bulb: with us AA is 27–32 mm, AAA 33–37 mm and AAAA 38–42 mm.
Desi garlic: Indian-grown garlic (देसी लहसुन): smaller cloves and stronger flavour than Chinese garlic, which is larger, whiter and easier to peel.
HS code 0703.20: The customs tariff code for fresh or chilled garlic. Fresh onions are 0703.10 and fresh oranges 0805.10.
Double Bom: A Mandsaur trade name for top-size garlic, used alongside Bom and Extra Bom. No trader publishes a millimetre range for it, so ask for the size in mm before buying.
Laddu garlic: A mandi name for round, well-filled garlic bulbs of about 36 mm, also sold as Maharaja garlic. Between AAA (33–37 mm) and AAAA (38–42 mm) in our grading.
Pearl garlic: A mandi name for small garlic bulbs, about 28 mm across, close to our AA grade (27–32 mm).
Extra medium garlic: A mandi name for garlic of about 28–32 mm, sometimes sold as A size. It matches our AA grade (27–32 mm).

Onions

mm+ (onion size): Onion is sold by minimum bulb diameter. 45 mm+ means every bulb is at least 45 mm across; it is a floor, not a range.
Rabi onion: The onion crop sown in winter and harvested March to May. It stores longer than the monsoon (kharif) crop.
Leno mesh bag: A breathable woven HDPE or PP sack (katta) used for onion and garlic, so air moves through the produce in transit.

Trade and export

FOB (Free On Board): An Incoterm where the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, onto the ship at the port of loading. Freight and insurance from there are the buyer's.
EXW (Ex Works): An Incoterm where the buyer collects from the seller's premises and arranges everything from there, including export clearance.
Mandi: A regulated agricultural wholesale market (APMC), where growers sell produce to licensed traders by auction. Kota's is the Seth Bhamashah Krishi Upaj Mandi.
Phytosanitary certificate: A government certificate that a plant product shipment is free of pests, required by most countries for fresh produce imports.

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